The mechanical properties of textiles mainly refer to breaking strength, elongation at break, tear strength, bursting strength, peel strength, etc. Among them, fracture strength is one of its very important mechanical properties. In a tensile experiment, the maximum force exerted by the strength machine when the sample is stretched to fracture is called the breaking strength. The elongation at break is the percentage of the elongation at which the solid surface is stretched to fracture relative to the elongation length. The sample is generally in a strip shape, with a length of 100mm and a width of 50mm, with 10 pieces in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. The longitudinal and transverse breaking strength (N) is expressed as the arithmetic mean of 10 times, and the longitudinal and transverse elongation at break (%) is also expressed as the arithmetic mean of 10 times, calculated to one decimal place. For thick textile fabrics, such as geotextile products, due to their high strength and large longitudinal and transverse deformation, it is generally necessary to use a biaxial electronic tensile machine for side testing. The selection, specifications, and relevant regulations of the sample vary depending on the standards. Sometimes, in order to compare the anisotropy of non-woven fabrics, samples can be cut at angles of 30 ° and 45 ° from the vertical direction to obtain the breaking strength and elongation in different directions. If necessary, strength ratios can also be conducted under wet and dry conditions to compare the differences in longitudinal and transverse strength between different products. The determination of the breaking strength and elongation of non-woven fabrics can refer to GB/13923.1-1997 (Tensile Properties of Textile Fabrics) or 1909073-1989 (Experimental Methods for Textile Nonwoven Fabrics) Part 3 (Determination of Tensile Strength and Elongation). The tear strength test of fabrics is an important indicator for detecting the quality of fabrics. Due to the influence factors of materials and processes, the quality of textiles varies greatly, and the tear strength of textiles from different processes also varies. The tear strength tester is used for measuring the tear strength of various woven fabrics (Elmendorf method), and can also be used for measuring the tear strength of materials such as thick paper, plastic cloth, and electrical tape. Using the single seam method to discuss the tearing and fracture process of fabrics, the situation of tearing along the weft direction of the fabric and breaking the warp yarn. During single seam tearing, a force triangle is formed at the crack. When the weft yarns under force in the sample gradually separate from each other, the warp yarns that are not directly under force begin to slide relative to the weft yarns under force and gradually come closer, forming an approximate triangular area. At the bottom of the tear opening, the warp yarns in the force triangle bear the tensile force together, with the first warp yarn at the bottom of the triangle bearing the greatest force, while the other warp yarns gradually weaken according to a certain load level difference. Due to the frictional resistance between yarns, sliding is limited. During sliding, the tension of the yarn increases rapidly, and the deformation and elongation also increase sharply. When the first warp yarn that forms the bottom edge of the force triangle deforms to a breaking elongation, this warp yarn immediately breaks, and the stress state of the second warp yarn immediately transitions to the state before the first warp yarn breaks. Repeat this process, and the warp yarn continues to break one after another, forming a knife cut like fracture surface. Factors affecting the tearing strength of fabrics: 1. Fabric structure and organization have a significant impact on the tearing strength of fabrics. When other conditions are the same, among the three primary fabrics, the tear strength of the plain weave fabric is low, the satin weave fabric is high, and the twill weave fabric is between the two. The influence of fabric density on the tearing strength of fabrics is quite complex. When the yarn thickness is the same, the tearing strength of fabrics with low density is higher than that of fabrics with high density. For example, gauze is less prone to tearing. When the density in the warp and weft directions is close, the tearing strength in the warp and weft directions is close. When the longitudinal density is greater than the latitudinal density, the longitudinal tearing strength is greater than the latitudinal tearing strength. For example, poplin fabric is prone to warp cracks because the weft density of poplin fabric is much less than the warp density, and the weft tearing strength is much less than the warp tearing strength. 2. The tear strength of yarn based fabrics is approximately proportional to the breaking strength of the yarn, and is closely related to the elongation at break of the yarn. When the elongation at break of the yarn is high, there are more yarns in the force triangle that simultaneously bear the tearing strength, resulting in a high tearing strength of the fabric. The frictional resistance between warp and weft yarns has a negative impact on the tearing strength of the fabric. When the frictional resistance is high, the yarns of the two systems are not easy to slide, and the force triangle area becomes smaller. At the same time, the number of yarns that bear external forces is smaller, resulting in a lower tearing strength of the fabric. So, the twist and surface shape of the yarn also have an impact on the tearing strength of the fabric. 3. Resin finishing reduces the yarn elongation, increases the brittleness, and decreases the tearing strength of cotton fabrics and dry rubber fiber fabrics after resin finishing. The degree of decline is related to the type of resin used and the processing technology. The pendulum type fabric tearing instrument, also known as the Elmendorf type tearing instrument, is a relatively classic traditional instrument. It calculates the average tearing force based on the original length of the specimen by measuring the reduction in potential energy of the pendulum and converting it into the work required to tear the specimen. Due to its simple structure, convenient use, and stable test data, it is still widely used in many industries such as textiles, paper making, and packaging. With the development of modern material science and electronic technology, the performance of specimens has undergone significant changes. Tear testers have moved towards large-scale, electronic, and automated development, with significant changes in appearance, range, and function. In the past, commonly used tear testers had a small range of 0-16N (or 1500gf) and a large range of 0-64N (or 6000gf); Now the minimum range is 0-2N, and the maximum range is 0-300N. In the past, they were all mechanical instruments. With the development of electronic technology, tear testers have become electronic; And instruments have emerged to calculate the average tearing force by measuring the reduction in pendulum kinetic energy

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